string hello = "Hello\nWorld!";

string filePath = "\\\\My Documents\\";

string p1 = "\\\\My Documents\\My Files\\";
string p2 = @"\\My Documents\My Files\";

int year = 1999;
string msg = "Eve was born in " + year.ToString();
System.Console.WriteLine(msg);  // outputs "Eve was born in 1999"

string s3 = "Visual C# Express";

System.Console.WriteLine(s3.Substring(7, 2));         // outputs "C#"
System.Console.WriteLine(s3.Replace("C#", "Basic"));  // outputs "Visual Basic Express"

string s4 = "Hello, World";
char[] arr = s4.ToCharArray(0, s4.Length);

foreach (char c in arr)
{
    System.Console.Write(c);  // outputs "Hello, World"
}

string s5 = "Printing backwards";

for (int i = 0; i < s5.Length; i++)
{
    System.Console.Write(s5[s5.Length - i - 1]);  // outputs "sdrawkcab gnitnirP"
}

string s6 = "Battle of Hastings, 1066";

System.Console.WriteLine(s6.ToUpper());  // outputs "BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066"
System.Console.WriteLine(s6.ToLower());  // outputs "battle of hastings 1066"

string color1 = "red";
string color2 = "green";
string color3 = "red";

if (color1 == color3)
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("Equal");
}
if (color1 != color2)
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("Not equal");
}

string s7 = "ABC";
string s8 = "abc";

if (s7.CompareTo(s8) > 0)
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("Greater-than");
}
else
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("Less-than");
}

string s9 = "Battle of Hastings, 1066";

System.Console.WriteLine(s9.IndexOf("Hastings"));  // outputs 10
System.Console.WriteLine(s9.IndexOf("1967"));      // outputs -1

char[] delimit = new char[] { ' ' };
string s10 = "The cat sat on the mat.";
foreach (string substr in s10.Split(delimit))
{
    System.Console.WriteLine(substr);
}

string s = "";

string str = "hello";
string nullStr = null;
string emptyStr = "";

string tempStr  = str + nullStr; // tempStr = "hello"
bool b = (emptyStr == nullStr);// b = false;
emptyStr + nullStr = ""; // creates a new empty string
int I  = nullStr.Length; // throws NullReferenceException